Advantages vs. Disadvantages of autonomous trucks

Autonomous vehicles have received the green light to proceed. Through the German Act on Autonomous Driving passed on July 28, 2021, Germany achieved the distinction of being the inaugural nation to implement such legislation. This law establishes a framework that governs and effectively authorizes the utilization of autonomous vehicles within specific operational zones, including traffic flows between logistics terminals. The primary intent behind this initiative is to facilitate real-world testing of this technology, not only within controlled environments but also on public roadways, with the provision of human oversight.

We can say that autonomous vehicles are the future of transport and logistics, however, we want to explore the pros and cons of such innovation to gain a better understanding of the consequences, which would follow from its implementation.

Advantages of Autonomous Trucks

Enhanced Road Safety

Although not completely immune to accidents, autonomous trucks offer notable safety benefits, particularly when compared to human-operated trucks. Despite certain challenges posed by weather conditions and road types, various studies suggest that autonomous trucks could lead to a significant reduction in accidents. McKinsey & Company's report 1 indicates the potential for a 90% decrease in traffic fatalities with the adoption of autonomous vehicles.

Alleviation of Traffic Jams

Autonomous trucks hold the potential to address traffic congestion issues, particularly on highways. By relying on optimized routing and avoiding delayed human reactions that often contribute to traffic bottlenecks, these vehicles could significantly mitigate traffic jams across the country.

Economic Savings for Companies

While the initial investment in autonomous-capable vehicles is substantial, the long-term benefits for companies are compelling. Expected cost savings stem from improved operational efficiency and a reduced need for driver compensation, making the investment in autonomous trucks financially viable over time.

Disadvantages of Autonomous Trucks

Job Displacement

As autonomous trucks emerge, they may create new job opportunities, but they're also likely to displace some truck drivers from their roles. Long-serving drivers stand to lose their livelihoods if they're replaced by self-driving trucks. This transition won't be immediate, but it raises valid concerns about the impact on employment in the industry.

Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities

The software-driven nature of autonomous trucks exposes them to cybersecurity risks, including potential hacking and unauthorized control. Even with human oversight, there's a tangible threat that hackers could breach the software and manipulate vehicle controls.

Complex Regulatory Landscape

Autonomous trucks face substantial hurdles before achieving nationwide operation. Beyond the need for technology refinement, the patchwork of state-level regulations and laws presents a challenge to the universal deployment of autonomous vehicles. Current progress is dependent on a state-by-state basis.

In conclusion, while the future prevalence of autonomous trucks remains uncertain, their significance cannot be denied. As they continue to evolve, the advantages of heightened road safety, congestion relief, and economic gains stand in contrast to the potential job displacement, cybersecurity risks, and regulatory complexities that must be navigated.